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Specifications

Dinitrophenol (DNP)-BSA protein Conjugate.
Catalog #	D8060-09B
	Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to allergens, airway edema and increased mucus secretion. Increased levels of circulating IgE and IgG1 antibody and a propensity to allergic responses, atopy, are associated with the development of asthma. Animal models of AHR, where control of the timing of exposure to the initiating antigen, the use of a defined allergen trigger, and genetic manipulation are likely to enhance the understanding of AHR. Dinitrophenol (DNP) has long been employed as a model immunogen as a single antigen to reduce the complexity of modeling AHR. One of the primary aspects of the immune response is the interaction of antigens with lymphocytes to induce the formation of antibodies, that in turn makes the antigen harmless. Much of our current understanding of the antibody response to antigens has been derived by using the antibody-hapten model. One known model uses the dinitrophenyl (DNP) group. Immunization of many mammalian species with DNP-protein conjugates results in production of antibodies specific for DNP and the amino acid side chains to which it is attached. DNP conjugates (DNP-KLH or DNP-BSA) are useful for the production of antibodies specific for DNP and hemocyanin or BSA. DNP-immunization produces a significant variation in the amount and antibody class (IgGs, IgA, IgE, IgM) among strains, and under various experimental conditions. DNP preparations (purity and supplier), doses (amount per injection), routes (intramuscular, intravenous, aerosol, liposome entrapped, polymerized, etc.), frequency of exposure (single injections, multiple, etc.) may induce a defined class of antibody and its level may vary as well. DNP-induced antibody production has been used to assess the immune status of normal and immune-compromised animals.
	DNP-BSA contains ~40 DNP/molecule of BSA.
Applications	Primarily used for immunization of animals. DNP-KLH protein conjugate (Cat # D8060-09D) is also available to test antibodies by ELISA or Western Blot.
Recommended Dilution	Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability	Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with ddH2O or buffer. Aliquot and store at -20°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
Purity	Purified
Form	Supplied as a lyophillized powder. Conjugated to BSA. Reconstitute in sterile distilled water or sterile buffer to a desired concentration.
Important Note	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.