EIF-2a (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit) is a subunit of the eIF-2 protein, an important regulator of translation initiation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a on Ser 51 increases the affinity of eIF-2a for eIF-2B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor needed for the recycling of eIF-2-GDP to eIF-2-GTP. Reduction of eIF-2-GTP levels leads to the suppression of the overall rate of protein synthesis. Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), ER-resident protein kinase PERK, dsRNA activated protein kinase PKR, and the homologue of the S. cerevisiae protein kinase GCN2 are all eIF-2a kinases.
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