| Mouse GDF-9 Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, and is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor essential for mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis (1-2). Mouse GDF-9 is synthesized as a 441aa |
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| prepropeptide that contains a 29aa signal sequence, a 277aa propeptide, and a 135aa mature chain (SwissProt # Q07105). Residues 340-441 constitute a TGF-beta like domain. In addition, there is one potential site of N-linked glycosylation in the mature chain. Unlike other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF-9 lacks the conserved cysteine residue that is believed to form the sole disulfide linkage between subunits in other family members (3). Mature mouse GDF-9 shares 90% aa sequence identity with mature human GDF-9. The protein is expressed throughout the development of the maturing follicle (2). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and is essential for fertility (2, 4). Studies on GDF-9 null mice have demonstrated arrested follicular development at the primary follicle stage (5). Mouse GDF-9 induces Smad2 phosphorylation and inhibin production in rat |
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| diethylstilbestrol-treated granulosa cells (6) and in human granulosa-luteal cells (7). The downstream signaling actions of GDF-9 are mediated by the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), initiating the subsequent activation of Smad2 and Smad3 (2, 8). GDF-9 uses the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) as its other signaling receptor (2, 9). |
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| Catalog # | G8989-49E |
| Source | DNA sequence encoding mouse GDF-9 (Met 1-Arg 441; Accession # AAA53035) was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. |
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| Molecular Mass: Based on N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the recombinant mouse GDF-9 starts at Gly 307, and has a predicted molecular mass of 15.6kD. The recombinant mouse GDF-9 migrates as an approximately 20kD protein in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. |
| 100ng/mL of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation. |
| Activity | Measured by its ability to induce Smad2 phosphorylation in P19 cells (Mazerbourg, S., et al. 2004. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:653). 100ng/ml of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation. |
| Endotoxin | 1.0 EU/ 1ug (LAL). |
| Storage and Stability | 12 months from date of receipt, 20 to 70°C as supplied. |
| 1 month, 2 to 8°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. |
| 3 months, 20 to 70°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution. |
| Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Purity | Purified 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain. |
| Concentration | ~0.1mg/ml |
| Form | Supplied as a lyophilized powder in 0.2um sterile-filtered solution, 4mM HCl, 50ug BSA/1ug of protein. Reconstitute with sterile 4mM HCl, 0.1% BSA. |
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| Important Note | This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological. |
