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Specifications

Clone Host Grade Applications Polyclonal Rabbit Affinity Purified B IP FC

DNA topoisomerase I and II are nuclear enzymes, and type II consist of two highly homologous isoforms: topoisomerase IIa and IIb. These enzymes regulate the topology of DNA, maintain genomic integrity and are essential for processes such as DNA replication, recombination, transcription and chromosome segregation by allowing DNA strands to pass through each other (1). Topoisomerase I nicks and rejoins one strand of the duplex DNA, but topoisomerase II transiently breaks and closes double-stranded DNA (2). Topoisomerases are very susceptible to various stresses. Acidic pH or oxidative stress can convert topoisomerases to DNA-breaking nucleases, causing genomic instability and cell death. DNA-damaging topoisomerase targeting drugs (e.g. etoposide) also convert topoisomerases to nucleases, and the enzyme is usually trapped as an intermediate, covalently bound to the 5' end of the cleaved DNA strand(s). This intermediate leads again to genomic instability and cell death, and thus these agents that target topoisomerases are highly sought after cancer chemotherapeutic drugs (3). Ca2+ regulated phosphorylation of topoisomerase IIa Ser1106 modulates the activity of this enzyme as well as its sensitivity to targeting drugs (4).
Catalog #	T8065-11A
Applications	Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Western Blotting, Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution	Flow Cytometry: 1:25
	Western Blotting: 1:1000
	Immunoprecipitation: 1:50
	Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability	May be stored at 4°C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot. Store at -20°C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
CAS Number	n/a
Clone Type	Polyclonal
Host	Rabbit
Source	Human
Concentration	As reported
Form	Supplied as a liquid in 10mM sodium HEPES, pH 7.5, 150mM NaCl, 100ug/ml BSA, 50% glycerol.
Purity	Protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Immunogen	Synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) derived from the sequence of human Topoisomerase IIa.
Specificity	Detects endogenous levels of total Topoisomerase IIa protein. Species Crossreactivity: Human Mouse Rat
Important Note	This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.