Technical Data
G8989-49E
Growth and Differentiation Factor 9, Recombinant, Mouse (GDF9)
10ug
Growth Factors, Cytokines Storage: -20°CShipping: Blue Ice
Mouse GDF-9 Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, and is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor essential for mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis (1-2). Mouse GDF-9 is synthesized as a 441aa
prepropeptide that contains a 29aa signal sequence, a 277aa propeptide, and a 135aa mature chain (SwissProt # Q07105). Residues 340-441 constitute a TGF-beta like domain. In addition, there is one potential site of N-linked glycosylation in the mature chain. Unlike other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF-9 lacks the conserved cysteine residue that is believed to form the sole disulfide linkage between subunits in other family members (3). Mature mouse GDF-9 shares 90% aa sequence identity with mature human GDF-9. The protein is expressed throughout the development of the maturing follicle (2). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and is essential for fertility (2, 4). Studies on GDF-9 null mice have demonstrated arrested follicular development at the primary follicle stage (5). Mouse GDF-9 induces Smad2 phosphorylation and inhibin production in rat
diethylstilbestrol-treated granulosa cells (6) and in human granulosa-luteal cells (7). The downstream signaling actions of GDF-9 are mediated by the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), initiating the subsequent activation of Smad2 and Smad3 (2, 8). GDF-9 uses the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) as its other signaling receptor (2, 9).

Source:
DNA sequence encoding mouse GDF-9 (Met 1-Arg 441; Accession # AAA53035) was expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.

Molecular Mass: Based on N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the recombinant mouse GDF-9 starts at Gly 307, and has a predicted molecular mass of 15.6kD. The recombinant mouse GDF-9 migrates as an approximately 20kD protein in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

100ng/mL of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation.

Activity:
Measured by its ability to induce Smad2 phosphorylation in P19 cells (Mazerbourg, S., et al. 2004. Mol. Endocrinol. 18:653). 100ng/ml of rmGDF-9 can effectively induce Smad2 phosphorylation.

Endotoxin: 1.0 EU/ 1ug (LAL).

Storage and Stability:
12 months from date of receipt, 20 to 70°C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
3 months, 20 to 70°C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
 Purity: Purified 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Concentration: ~0.1mg/ml
Form: Supplied as a lyophilized powder in 0.2um sterile-filtered solution, 4mM HCl, 50ug BSA/1ug of protein. Reconstitute with sterile 4mM HCl, 0.1% BSA.

Important Note: This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.
1. McGrath, S.A. et al., 1995, Mol. Endocrinol. 9:131. 2. Mottershead, D.G. et al., 2008, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 283:58. 3. McPherron, A.C. and S.-J. Lee, 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444. 4. Gilchrist, R.B. et al., 2006, J. Cell. Sci. 119:3811. 5. Dong, J. et al., 1996, Nature 383:531. 6. Roh, J.S. et al., 2003, Endocrinology 144:172. 7. Kaivo-Oja, N. et al., 2003, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88:755. 8. Mazerbourg, S. et al., 2004, Mol. Endocrinol. 18:653. 9. Vitt, U.A. et al., 2002, Biol. Reprod. 67:473.

Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.