S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins that contain two Ca(2+)-binding sites including a canonical EF-hand motif. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells. S100A4 interacts with cytoskeletal proteins and enhances metastasis of several types of cancer cells. It is secreted by unknown mechanisms, thus, paracrinely stimulating a variety of cellular responses, including angiogenesis and neuronal growth. S100A4 has been shown to be a prognostic marker in a number of human cancers, including esophageal-squamous cancers, non-small lung cancers, primary gastric cancers, malignant melanomas, prostate cancers, bladder cancers, and pancreatic carcinomas. The universality of S100A4 expression in a variety of cancers illustrates the potential use of S100A4 as a marker for tumor metastasis and disease progression.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.