Gram-negative bacteria are those bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. The pathogenic capability of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with certain components of Gram-negative cell walls, in particular the lipopolysaccaride (also known as LPS or endotoxin) layer. In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response characterized by cytokine production and immune system activation.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.