HMGA1, an 11KDa basic, DNA-binding non-histone nuclear protein, is a key member of HMGA protein family. It consists of a highly conserved AT-hook DNA-binding domain that mediates binding to AT-rich sequences in the minor groove of chromosomal DNA. It functions as architectural chromatin-binding transcription factor altering the conformation of DNA by modulating nuclear protein-DNA complexes. It is involved in many cellular processes including growth regulation, viral induction of beta-IFN gene and regulation of inducible gene transcription. It also physically interacts with transcription factors such as AP-1, Sp-1 and CAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta to modulate their ability to activate gene expression. It functions as a direct transcriptional target of c-Jun and c-Myc and is maximally expressed during embryonic development. Pathological role of HMGA1 include integration of retroviruses into chromosomes and enhancing metastasis of tumor cells.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.