Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed at high levels as by-products of the normal cellular metabolism. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA has been shown to accumulate high levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a very stable and damaging product of hydroxylation of guanine at carbon 8. 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) induces transversion of G to T, which is potentially mutagenic. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is the most important cellular protection mechanism responding to oxidative DNA damage. They remove modified DNA bases before they are incorporated into DNA during replication. The key enzymes MutT homologs (MutT/MTH) in the BER process are DNA glycosylases, which remove different damaged bases by cleavage of the N-glycosylic bonds between the bases and the deoxyribose moieties of the nucleotide residues. The 8-oxoG glycosylases (Fpg or MutM/OGG) and the MutY homologs (MutY/MYH) glycosylases along with MutT/MTH protect cells from the mutagenic effects of 8-oxoG. 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) has been used as oxidative stress marker.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.