A cell-permeable chloro-quinolinone compound that selectively and covalently modifies Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Cys151 and represses Keap1 function and reduces Nrf2 (Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2)-Keap1 interaction. Shown to stabilize Nrf2 by inhibiting the Keap1-driven ubiquitination of Nrf2 and thereby activating the Nrf2-ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway (EC50 = 2.7uM in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells). Offers protection against H2O2 induced oxidative stress, but unlike tert-butylhydroquinone AI-1 does not act as a free radical scavenger. Its anti-oxidant effects are mediated via Nrf2 induced antioxidant response. Does not affect mutant ARE where GC are substituted with AT within the core ARE sequence.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.