215949
EU Commodity Code
38220090Shipping Temp
Blue IceStorage Temp
4°C Do Not FreezePreservative Free
YesNotes
Preservative Free
Lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O111:B4 (LPS)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures may be generally described as three linked regions. The first structural feature is the lipid component Lipid A, primarily responsible for the effects of endotoxin. Linked to Lipid A is the core antigen or R polysaccharide, a short chain of sugars including 2-keto 3-deoxyoctonate (KDO). The third structural feature is attached to the core polysaccharide and is more elaborate, containing up to 40 repeating subunits of 3 to 5 sugars, referred to as the O antigen, O side chain or O polysaccharide. Variations in the composition of the O antigen account for the species specific antibody responses. Lipid A, acting alone or as a component of LPS, is a potent modulator of the mammalian immune response. The presence of Lipid A or LPS in mammalian macrophages or endothelial cells triggers a signaling cascade leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. LPS also acts as a B cell mitogen. Differences in Lipid A fatty acid side chain structures may be responsible for variations of the known effects on the immune system.
Source
Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli O111:B4
Analysis
2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO)-2.8% Phosphate-3.8% Protein-0.6% Nucleic acid-1.7%
Reconstitution
LPS is dispersable in aqueous solvents at concentrations of 1mg/ml. To achieve suspension in water, heating to about 50°C with intermittent vortexing or sonication is generally recommended Allow ample time for dispersion to occur. The use of 0.5% triethylamine aids in dispersion. Triethylamine is very basic and may be neutralized with Tris HCI to avoid hydrolysis of the fatty acid chains. It is recommended that this material be stored at 4°C prior to and following reconstitution.
Storage and Stability
Lyophilized powder may be stored at 4°C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at 4°C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at 4°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
Concentration
~1mg/ml (after reconstitution)
Form
Supplied as a lyophilized powder. No preservative added. Reconstitute with aqueous solvents. Handle Gently. Do not vortex.
Important Note
This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.
Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.
References
1. Westphal, O. and Jann, K. (1965) Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry 5, Whistler, R.L. ed., Academic Press, New York, pp. 83-91. 2. Mukerjee, P., Kastowsky, M., Obst, S., Takayama, K. (1999) Lipopolysaccharide Preparations in Aqueous Media in Endotoxin in Health and Disease, Brade, H., Opal, S.M., Vogel, S.N., Morrison, D.C. eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, p. 223-224. |3. Cynkin, M.A. and Ashwell, G. (1960) Nature 186, 155-156. 4. Ames, B.N. and Dubin, D.T. (1960) J. BioI. Chern. 235, 769-775. 5. Bradford, M.M. (1976) Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254.USBio References
No references available