The Viability Dyes can be used to exclude non-viable cells in flow cytometry assays. They irreversibly bind to cell su rface and intracellular amines. The dye can covalently bind to a higher concentration of amines in cells that have lost plasma membrane integrity, such as those in the late stages of apoptosis or dead cells, and generate a significantly more intense fluore scence signal. Dead d ells stained with the viability dye will maintain their staining intensity after washing, fixation, permeabilization, or additional intracellular staining.