RNA editing is an important mechanism for regulating genetic plasticity through the generation of alternative protein productsfrom a single structural gene. Substitutional RNA editing employsa variety of genetic mechanisms, the biochemical basis of whichhas been elucidated following the development of in vitro assaysthat recapitulate important elements of this process. There are two typesof substitutional RNA exist in mammals, namely A-to-I and C-to-URNA editing. The best-characterized example of C-to-U RNA editing involves the nuclear transcript encoding intestinal apolipoprotein B(apo B)). Apo B RNA editing changes a CAA to a UAA stop codon,generating a truncated protein, apoB48. The functional complex includes a minimal corecomposed of apobec-1 and ACF, that functionas an adaptor protein by binding both the deaminase and the RNA substrate. The RNA binding proteins also include CUGBP2 which along with Apobec-1 binds to the consensus binding sequence UUUN (A/U) U, present in c-myc, VEGF and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2).
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