Cadherins are a multifunctional family of Ca 2+ -dependent, transmembrane glycoproteins, which promote and maintain cell adhesion in virtually all multicellular organisms. The cadherin superfamily comprises over forty proteins which are, on average, 50–60% homologous (reviewed in ref 1). Cadherin expression is required for the assembly of cells into solid tissues and importantly, cadherins are expressed in a tissue specific fashion. (2) Homotypic cellular interactions are promoted by homophillic interactions between the extracellular regions of like cadherin molecules on neighboring cells. Recent crystal structure analysis of an extracellular cadherin domain suggests that individual cadherin molecules cooperate to form a linear cell adhesion zipper. (3) In adherens junctions, cadherins are anchored to the actin cytoskeleton by interaction with the small cytoplasmic proteins b-catenin and g-catenin which both bind to the actin binding protein a-catenin.
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