Most mammalian cells transport glucose through a family of membrane proteins known as glucose transporters. Molecular cloning of these glucose transporters has identified a family of closely related genes that encodes at least 7 proteins (Glut-1- Glut-14, Mol. Wt. 40-80kD) and Sodium glucose co-transporter- 1 (SGLT-1, 662aa; ~75kD). Individual member of this family have identical predicted secondary structures with 12 transmembrane domains. Both N and c-termini are predicted to be cytoplasmic. Most differences in sequence homology exist within the four hydrophilic domains that may play a role in tissue-specific targeting. Human Glut-2 (GTR2, 524aa, chromosome 3q26.1-q26.3, ~60kD) belongs to the family of solute carrier family 2, member 2 or Slc2a2 or facilitative glucose transporter. Glut-2 likely mediates the bidirectional transfer of glucose across the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is responsible for uptake of glucose by the beta cells; May also participate with the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter in the transcellular transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidney. It is a multi-pass membrane protein. Primarily expressed in liver, insulin-producing beta cell, small intestine and kidney. Defects in SLC2A2 are the cause of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS, a rare, autosomal recessive mode and characterized by hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, and impaired utilization of glucose and galactose. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1).
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