Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that are heavily glycosylated with oligosaccharide side chains linked O-glycosidically to the protein backbone. At least nine mucin genes have been identified to date. The pattern of tissue and cell-specific expression of these mucin genes suggests a distinct role for each member of the diverse mucin family. In epithelial cancers, many of the phenotypic markers for pre-malignant and malignant cells have been found on the carbohydrate and peptide moieties of mucin glycoproteins. Deregulation of tissue and cell-specific expression of mucin genes has also been described in epithelial cancers. At present, the role of mucin glyoproteins in various states of epithelial cell carcinogenesis, including the pre-neoplastic state and metastasis, is under investigation. The expression of MUC5AC has been frequently observed in gastric carcinomas and may be used as a marker of gastric differentiation.
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