Neurofilaments are intermediate (10-12nm) filaments located specifically in neurons. There are three classes of neurofilaments: NF-L (68kD), NF-M (160kD). And NF-H (200kD). The neurofilaments are long helical proteins which polymerize to form a rigid cytoskeleton in the neuron. This polymerized network is composed of all three filaments, and the stoichiometry of association varies during development. Neurofilaments are posttranslationally modified both by phosphorylation and glycosylation. Like other intermediate filament proteins, how phosphorylation likely mediates neurofilament function remains unclear. Neurofilament proteins (NFPs) are a macromolecular complex comprised of 3 polypeptides designated as NF-L, NF-M and NF-H. NFPs are found in the perikarya, particularly in neuronal axons throughout the central and peripheral nervous system. Since NFPs are major structural proteins and biochemically quite stable, antibodies to NFPs are useful probes in studies of neuronal expression, morphology, connectivity and pathology. The presence or absence of NFP in a variety of nervous system or neuroendocrine tumors can provide useful information about the original cell type of the tumor. In addition, the normal NFP staining pattern is altered in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, diffuse cortical Lewy body disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’ disease).
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