Penicillin G is a broad based antibiotic used in mammalian cell culture. Penicillin G blocks the formation of bacterial cell walls, rendering bacteria unable to multiply and spread. The spectrum of activity of Penicillin G includes many aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive organisms. Aerobes susceptible to Penicillin G include most beta-hemolytic streptococci, beta-lactamase-negative staphylococci, Actinomyces species, some Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium species, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Most species of anaerobes, including Clostridium species, but excluding beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species, are also susceptible to Penicillin G. Penicillin G is easily inactivated by beta-lactamases and has little efficacy against organisms that can produce these enzymes. In addition, Penicillin G is ineffective against those bacteria that are resistant by other mechanisms, such as having a relatively impermeable cell wall. Therefore, Penicillin G has little activity against many staphylococci and most gram-negative bacteria.
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