Stability and translation of mRNA in the cytoplasm is governed by different proteins, among them the PABP protein (poly(A)-binding protein). This protein, which is found in the cytoplasm, binds to the 3’-poly(A) tail of mRNA transcripts. PABP is found in excess, relative to the amount of cytoplasmic poly(A) (three fold) and binds to its poly(A) target at high affinity (Kd of 7nM). PABP is highly conserved between different organisms especially at the amino-terminal region of the protein that contains four RNA-binding domains (RBDs). These domains are important for the binding of the poly(A) tail of mRNA. Most mRNAs in eukaryotic cells contain a cap structure in their 5’ end (m7GpppX). This structure is recognized by the EIF4F complex, which interacts with PABP indirectly via the PAIP-1 protein (PABP-interacting protein-1). As a consequence, an interaction between the 5’ and 3’ ends of mRNA occurs. This proximity between the mRNA ends contributes to its stability and enhances translation, since terminating ribosomes may start translation again.
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