Technical Data
G8989-39B
Growth Differentiation Factor 3, Recombinant, Mouse (GDF3)
10ug
Growth Factors, Cytokines Storage: -20°CShipping: Blue Ice
GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF- superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, adipose tissue and the brain (2-4). In ES cells, it maintains pluripotency and influences early cell fate decisions (5, 6). For example, frog embryos injected with GDF-3 develop a secondary dorsal axis and deletion of mouse GDF-3 can produce defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo (5, 6). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet and promotes adipogenesis (3). GDF-3 has been reported to oppose BMP's functions and to have a nodal-like activity in the early development (1). The 366 amino acid (aa) mouse GDF-3 contains a 22 aa signal sequence, a 230 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature protein that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. Most of GDF-3 is present as the prepro form, while mature GDF-3 is presumably the secreted, active form (1). The mature protein contains the cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. Since it lacks the fourth cysteine, which is responsible for the formation of inter-molecular disulfide bond, GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer. Mature mouse GDF-3 shares 90%, 83% and 83% aa identity with rat, human and dog GDF-3, respectively. Among family members, mature GDF-3 is most similar to mouse BMP-6 (45% aa identity) and Xenopus VG-1 (52% aa identity).

Source: A DNA sequence encoding the mature mouse GDF-3 protein sequence (Ala 253-Gly 366; Accession # Q07104) was expressed in E. coli.

Molecular Mass:
Based on N-terminal sequencing, the refolded mature mouse GDF-3 protein begins with Ala 253. The recombinant monomeric mouse GDF-3 has a calculated molecular mass of 13.1 kD.

Endotoxin Level:
<1.0 EU/ug (LAL)

Activity:
Measured by its ability to bind with Activan RIB/Fc Chimera in the presence of recombinant mouse Cripto in functional ELISA (6). Immonilized recombinant mouse GDF3 at 1ug/ml (100ul/well) can bind recombinant human Activin RIB/Fc Chimera with an apparent KD < 100nM

Storage and Stability: Lyophilized powder may be stored at -20°C. Stable for 12 months at -20°C. Reconstitute with sterile 4mM HCl. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

Molecular Weight:
13.1kD
 Source: E. coli
Purity: >90% as determined by SDS-PAGE and visualized by silver stain.
Form: Supplied as a lyophilized powder from 35% Acetonitrile, 0.1% TFA. Reconstitute with sterile 4mM HCl to a concentration of 0.1mg/ml.

Important Note: This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.
1. Levine, A. J. and A. H. Brivanlou, 2006, Cell Cycle 5:1069. 2. McPherron, A. C. and S.-J. Lee, 1993, J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444. 3. Wang, W. et al., 2004, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 321:1024. 4. Hexige, S. et al., 2005, Neurosci. Lett. 389:83. 5. Levine, A. J. and A. H. Brivanlou, 2005, Development 133:209. 6. Chen, C. et al., 2006, Development 133:319.

Intended for research use only. Not for use in human, therapeutic, or diagnostic applications.