Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. Six different isoforms of Actin have been identified, of these Actin beta is one of the three isoforms found in vertebrates. Defects in Actin beta are a cause of juvenile dystonia, a condition that results in movement disorders due to disordered muscle tonicity, abnormal posture, development malformations and sensory hearing loss.