GABA (g-amino butyric acid) is the most abundant neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. GABA exerts its effects through ionotropic ligand- gated GABAA, GABAC and GABAB receptors (GABABRs). A family of GABA-A receptors subtypes exists, which are generated by alternative splicing of alpha 1-6, beta 1-4, gamma 1-4, delta, epsilon, pie, theta, and rho1-3 to form a heteromeric (pentameric) protein complexes. Various GABA-A subunits show distinct patterns of temporal and spatial expression that may imply its tissue specific physiological role. GABA A (GAA) receptor proteins (450-627aa) are characterized by the presence of a cleavable signal peptide, a large extracellular N-terminus, 3 TM (transmembrane) domains, a large cytoplasmic domain followed by TM4 and C-terminal extracellular domain. The regions between TM3-4 and the large cytoplasmic loop are least conserved among various GAA subunits, which may confer subunit specific functionality. GAA genes are distributed as clusters throughout the human genome (chromosomes 4, 5, 15, and X; delta subunit on chromosome 1). GAA in the brain are the targets of many clinically important drugs. Human (chromosome Xq28), rat GAA3 are 493aa protein. GAA3 may be candidate gene for X-linked manic depressive illness, which has been mapped to the Xq28 region close to color blindness and G6PD.
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