References
1.Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 195 using anatase/brookite TiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetics studies.|Tzikalos N1, Belessi V, Lambropoulou D. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Apr;20(4):2305-20. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-1106-7. Epub 2012 Aug 5.|In the present study, the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 195 (RR195) from aqueous samples under UV-A irradiation by using anatase/brookite TiO2 (A/B TiO2) mesoporous nanoparticles has been investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of the main parameters affecting the photocatalytic process. The effects and interactions of most influenced parameters, such as substrate concentration and catalyst load, were evaluated and optimized by using a central composite design model and a response surface methodology. The results indicated that the dye degradation efficiency in the experimental domain investigated was mainly affected by the tested variables, as well as their interaction effects. Analysis of variance showed a high coefficient of determination value (R(2) = 0.9947), thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the first-order regression model (2FI model) with the experimental data. The obtained results also indicate that catalyst loading plays an important role in determining the removal efficiency of RR195 attributable to both photodegradation and adsorption process.|2.Adsorption and photocatalysis of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles for Reactive Red 195 removal: effect of humic acids, anions and scavengers.|Chládková B1, Evgenidou E2, Kvítek L1,3, Panáček A1,3, Zbořil R1,3, Kovář P4, Lambropoulou D5. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Nov;22(21):16514-24. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4806-y. Epub 2015 Jun 10.|In the present study, the coupling of adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency of two different industrially produced titania catalysts was investigated and compared. The azo dye Reactive Red 195 was selected as a model compound. The tested catalysts, PK-10 and PK-180, exhibited different adsorption capacities due to their significant difference in their specific surface, but both have proven to be effective photocatalysts for photodegradation of the studied dye. PK-10 exhibited strong adsorption of the studied dye due to its high specific surface area, while the second studied catalyst, PK-180, demonstrated negligible adsorption of Reactive Red 195. The effect of the pH, the concentration of the catalyst and the initial concentration of the dye appear to affect the photocatalytic rate. The effect of the presence of humic acids and inorganic ions was also examined, while the contribution of various reactive species was indirectly evaluated through the addition of various scavengers.|3.Biodegradation of C.I. Reactive Red 195 by Enterococcus faecalis strain YZ66.|Mate MS1, Pathade G. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Mar;28(3):815-26. doi: 10.1007/s11274-011-0874-4. Epub 2011 Sep 6.|Synthetic dyes are extensively used in textile dyeing, paper, printing, colour photography, pharmaceutics, cosmetics and other industries. Among these, azodyes represents the largest and most versatile class of synthetic dyes. As high as 50% of the dyes are released into the environment during manufacture and usage. Traditional methods of treatment are found to be expensive and have operational problems. Biological decolourization has been investigated as a method to transform, degrade or mineralize azo dyes. In the present studies bacteria from soil from dye waste area, dye waste, sewage and dung were subjected to acclimatization with C.I. Reactive Red 195 an azo dye, in the basal nutrient media. The most promising bacterial isolate was used for further dye degradation studies. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Enterococcus faecalis strain YZ66. The strain showed 99.5% decolourization of the selected dye (Reactive Red 195-50 mg/l) within one and half hour in static anoxic condition.|4.A comparison of different activated carbon performances on catalytic ozonation of a model azo reactive dye.|Gül S1, Eren O, Kır S, Onal Y. Water Sci Technol. 2012;66(1):179-84. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.103.|The objective of this study is to compare the performances of catalytic ozonation processes of two activated carbons prepared from olive stone (ACOS) and apricot stone (ACAS) with commercial ones (granular activated carbon-GAC and powder activated carbon-PAC) in degradation of reactive azo dye (Reactive Red 195). The optimum conditions (solution pH and amount of catalyst) were investigated by using absorbencies at 532, 220 and 280 nm wavelengths. Pore properties of the activated carbon (AC) such as BET surface area, pore volume, pore size distribution, and pore diameter were characterized by N(2) adsorption. The highest BET surface area carbon (1,275 m(2)/g) was obtained from ACOS with a particle size of 2.29 nm. After 2 min of catalytic ozonation, decolorization performances of ACOS and ACAS (90.4 and 91.3%, respectively) were better than that of GAC and PAC (84.6 and 81.2%, respectively). Experimental results showed that production of porous ACs with high surface area from olive and apricot stones is feasible in Turkey.USBio References
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