Colistin Sulfate CAS 1264-72-8

CAS Number

1264-72-8

Grade

Highly Purified

Molecular Formula

C45H85N13O10·H2SO4

Molecular Weight

1169.46

EU Commodity Code

38220090

UN DOT Shipping

UN2811 PGII Class 6.1

Shipping Temp

Blue Ice

Storage Temp

-20°C

Polymyxin E. sulfate; Belcomycine; Colomycin

Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus polymyxa. Complex mixture of at least 30 components, primarily colistin A and B.

Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic. Colistin is a decades-old drug that fell out of favor due to its nephrotoxicity. It remains one of the last-resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter.[1] New Delhi metallo-β-Lactamase multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also shown susceptibility to Colistin.[2]

Colistin is polycationic and has both hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties. These poly-cationic regions interact with the bacterial outer membrane, by displacing bacterial counter ions in the lipopolysaccharide. Hydrophobic/hydrophillic regions interact with the cytoplasmic membrane just like a detergent, solubilizing the membrane in an aqueous environment. This effect is bactericidal even in an isosmolaric environment.

Resistance to colistin is currently rare, but is described. At present there is no agreement about how to look for colistin resistance. The Société Française de Microbiologie uses a cut off of 2 mg/l, whereas the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy sets a cutoff of 4 mg/l or less as sensitive, and 8 mg/ml or more as resistant. There are not currently any US standards for measuring colistin sensitivity.

Exceptional (inherently colistin resistant) Gram-negative bacteria

Brucella Burkholderia cepacia Chryseobacterium indologenes Edwardsiella Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Francisella tularensis spp. Gram-negative cocci Helicobacter pylori Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrheae and Neisseria meningitidis Proteus Providencia Serratia Some strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[18]

Gram-negative organisms with variable resistance to colistin

Aeromonas Vibrio Prevotella Fusobacterium

Synonyms

Polymyxin E. sulfate; Belcomycine; Colomycin

CAS No

1264-72-8

Molecular Formula

x(C₅₃H₁₀₀N₁₆O₁₃)ₐ + x(C ₅₂H₉₈N₁₆O₁₃)B .xH₂

Molecular Weight

1169.46

Appearance

Supplied as an off-white solid.

Purity

~98%

Biological Potency (dry basis)

19600U/mg

Melting Point

>202°C (dec.)

Specific Rotation (c=1, Water)

-64.0 to -65º

Colistin A

R= (+)-6-methyloctanoyl

Colistin B

R= 6-methylheptanoyl

Solubility

Water (Sparingly)

Method for Determining Identity

Proton NMR (D2O)Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Analysis

TLC Conditions

C18; Water: Methanol: Acetic Acid; 7: 2: 1; Visualized with KMnO4; Single spot; Rf=0.35

Elemental Analysis

Calculated: %C: 54.43, %H: 8.62, %N: 19.16

Storage and Stability

May be stored at RT for short-term only. Long-term storage is recommended at -20°C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap.

Important Note

This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.

Toxicity and Hazards

All products should be handled by qualified personnel only, trained in laboratory procedures.

Form

Supplied as an off-white solid.

Important Note

This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications without the expressed written authorization of United States Biological.

References

1. Falagas ME, Grammatikos AP, Michalopoulos A (October 2008). "Potential of old-generation antibiotics to address current need for new antibiotics". Expert review of anti-infective therapy 6 (5): 593–600. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.5.593. PMID 18847400.|2. Kumarasamy et. al.; Toleman, Mark A; Walsh, Timothy R; Bagaria, Jay; Butt, Fafhana; Balakrishnan, Ravikumar; Chaudhary, Uma; Doumith, Michel et al. (2010). "Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases 10 (9): 597–602. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70143-2. PMC 2933358. PMID 20705517.|3. Vastag, Brian (2012), "NIH Superbug Outbreak Shows Lack of Antibiotics", The Washington Post, Saturday, 25 August 2012; pg A2.|4. Reis AO, Luz DAM, Tognim MCB, Sader HS, and Gales AC (2003). "Polymyxin-Resistant Acinetobacter spp. Isolates: What Is Next?". Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1025–7.|5. a b Towner K J (2008). "Molecular Basis of Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter spp.". Acinetobacter Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 0-306-43902-6. [http://www.horizonpress.com/acineto.|6. Benifla M, Zucker G, Cohen S and Alkan M (2004). "Successful treatment of Acinetobacter meningitis with intrathecal polymyxin". J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 54 (1): 290–293. doi:10.1093/jac/dkh289. PMID 15190037.|7. Yagmur et al.,; Esen, F (2006). "Intrathecal colistin for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventriculitis: report of a case with successful outcome". Critical Care 10 (6): 428. doi:10.1186/cc5088. PMC 1794456. PMID 17214907.|8. Motaouakkil et al.,; Charra, B; Hachimi, A; Nejmi, H; Benslama, A; Elmdaghri, N; Belabbes, H; Benbachir, M (2006). "Colistin and rifampicin in the treatment of nosocomial infections from multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii". Journal of Infection 53 (4): 274–278. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.019. PMID 16442632.|9. Karakitsos et al.,; Paramythiotou, E; Samonis, G; Karabinis, A (2006). "Is intraventricular colistin an effective and safe treatment for post-surgical ventriculitis in the intensive care unit?". Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 50 (10): 1309–1310. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01126.x. PMID 17067336.|10. Colomycin injection [Summary of product characteristics]. http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=1590|11. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/081502en.pdf; NB. Colistin base has an assigned potency of 30 000 IU/mg|12. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Sambatakou H, Galani I, Giamarellou H. (2003). "In vitro interaction of colistin and rifampin on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa". J Chemother 15 (4): 235–38. doi:10.1159/000069498. PMID 12686786.|13. Hogg GM, Barr JG, Webb CH. (1998). "In-vitro activity of the combination of colistin and rifampicin against multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii". J Antimicrob Chemother 41 (4): 494–95. doi:10.1093/jac/41.4.494.|14. Petrosillo N, Chinello P, Proietti MF, et al. (2005). "Combined colistin and rifampicin therapy for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: clinical outcome and adverse events". Clin Microbiol Infect 11 (8): 682–83. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01198.x. PMID 16008625.

USBio References

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C7509 Colistin Sulfate (Mixture of A and B compound) CAS: 1264-72-8

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Polymyxin E. sulfate; Belcomycine; Colomycin

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