Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. During neurotransmission, glutamate is released from vesicles of the pre-synaptic cell, and glutamate receptors (e.g. NMDA Receptor, AMPA Receptor) bind glutamate for activation at the opposing post-synaptic cell. Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) regulate and maintain extracellular glutamate concentrations below excitotoxic levels. In addition, glutamate transporters may limit the duration of synaptic excitation by an electrogenic process in which the transmitter is cotransported with three sodium ions and one proton, followed by countertransport of a potassium ion. Five EAATs (EAAT1-5) are characterized: EAAT2 (GLT-1) is primarily expressed in astrocytes but is also expressed in neurons of the retina and during fetal development. Homozygous EAAT2 knockout mice have spontaneous, lethal seizures and an increased predisposition to acute cortical injury. PKC phosphorylates Ser113 of EAAT2 and coincides with glutamate transport. EAAT2 accounts for up to 90% of the total glutamate transport in brain while EAAT1 contributes the remaining 5-10%. The contribution of EAAT1 in neurotransmission is unclear since EAAT2 is much more abundant. However, EAAT1 expression is upregulated by increasing concentrations of glutamate in the media of cultured primary astrocytes, potentially giving this glutamate transporter additional importance. EAAT1 has neuroprotective potential following ischemia since reactive astrocytes and activated microglia express EAAT1 but not EAAT2.

Suitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested.

Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.

MTKSNGEEPKMGGRMERFQQGVSKRTLLAKKKVQNITKEDVKSYLFRNAFVLLTVTAVIVGTILGFTLRPYRMSYREVKYFSFPGELLMRMLQMLVLPLIISSLVTGMAALDSKASGKMGMRAVVYYMTTTIIAVVIGIIIVIIIHPGKGTKENMHREGKIVRVTAADAFLDLIRNMFPPNLVEACFKQFKTNYEKRSFKVPIQANETLVGAVINNVSEAMETLTRITEELVPVPGSVNGVNALGLVVFSMCFGFVIGNMKEQGQALREFFDSLNEAIMRLVAVIMWYAPVGILFLIAGKIVEMEDMGVIGGQLAMYTVTVIVGLLIHAVIVLPLLYFLVTRKNPWVFIGGLLQALITALGTSSSSATLPITFKCLEENNGVDKRVTRFVLPVGATINMDGTALYEALAAIFIAQVNNFELNFGQIITISITATAASIGAAGIPQAGLVTMVIVLTSVGLPTDDITLIIAVDWFLDRLRTTTNVLGDSLGAGIVEHLSRHELKNRDVEMGNSVIEENEMKKPYQLIAQDNETEKPIDSETKM

Store product at 4°C in the dark. DO NOT FREEZE! Stable at 4°C for 12 months after receipt as an undiluted liquid. Dilute required amount only prior to immediate use. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer. Caution: MaxLight™650 conjugates are sensitive to light. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap.

Note: Applications are based on unconjugated antibody.