C-reactive protein (CRP) has been regarded as an acute phase reactant in serum. It consists of five single subunits, which noncovalently linked and assembled, as a cyclic pentamer with a MW. Range of 110-140kD. CRP has been found to be increased in serum of patients with a wide variety of diseases including infections by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis, abdominal abscesses, inflammation of bile ducts, myocardial infarction, and malignant tumors. CRP may be found in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome and multiple sclerosis, certain viral infections, tuberculosis, acute infectious hepatitis, many other necrotic and inflammatory diseases, burned patients, and after surgical trauma. Although the detection of elevated levels of CRP in the serum is not specific for any particular disease, it is useful indicator of inflammatory processes. CRP levels rise in serum within hours of the onset of inflammation, reach a peak during the acute stage and decrease with resolution of inflammation trauma. The detection of CRP is a more reliable and sensitive indicator of the inflammatory process than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which may also be influenced by physiological changes not associated with an inflammation process. Current quantification methods including latex agglutination, nephelometry, radial immunodiffusion have the general disadvantage accompany agglutination and precipitation techniques.
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